美国权威教育媒体Parents：婴儿肠绞痛有必要用西甲硅油吗？

本文较长，需要约25min阅读，

▼

如何给宝宝拍嗝？

如何缓解胀气、肠绞痛？

西甲硅油怎么用，有效吗？

美国人也信奉的治肠绞痛草药水是怎样的？

伴随不正常打嗝及吐奶现象时，父母应该怎么做？

Parents(父母)杂志创建于1926年，在全美期刊业发行量排名第28位，发行量为220万份。是领先的幼儿教育媒体，长期享有美誉，获得各种奖项无数。

正文

▽

Why do babies need to burp? And is burping after feeding really important? Our baby burping primer answers these questions and explains what causes gas in Baby's belly -- and how to prevent it.

为什么婴儿需要拍嗝？喂食后拍嗝真的很重要吗？宝宝打嗝的原理回答了这些问题，并解释什么引起了婴儿肚子里气体——以及如何预防。

Along with changing diapers, mastering the swaddle, and figuring out how to get your wiggly newborn into a romper, one of the first new parent skills you'll get lots of practice at is burping. "Gas is air that gets trapped in the gastrointestinal system and needs to be released," says Shalini Forbis, M.D., a pediatrician and a Dr. Mom Squad blogger for Dayton Children's Hospital in Ohio. Burping is one way parents can help their baby get rid of that gas. 

除了换尿布，裹襁褓，弄清楚如何给你那调皮的小宝宝穿衣服之外，你首先要掌握的父母新技能之一就是——拍嗝。俄亥俄州代顿儿童医院儿科医师、Dr. Mom Squad博客编辑、医学博士Shalini Forbis认为：“气体是被困在胃肠道系统的空气，需要释放。”拍嗝是父母可以帮助他们的孩子摆脱这种气体的一种方式。

Whether your baby is a big belcher or an infrequent burper, we've put together a primer for all your burning questions about burping.

不管你的宝宝是惯性打嗝还是不常打嗝，我们都为你所有有关打嗝的尖锐问题准备了一份入门材料。

What Is a Burp?

A burp is the release of gas bubbles up the esophagus and out of the mouth. These gas bubbles can also be released out the other end of your little bundle, resulting in a different noise -- and smell. Some burps, called wet burps or erps, bring up some of the stomach contents, too, hence the reason to always use a burp cloth when burping a baby.

什么是嗝？

嗝将食管种的气体以气泡的形式释放出口腔。这些气泡也可以从你的身体的另一端，以不同的声音和味道释放。有些打嗝，称为湿性打嗝或嗝气，能将胃里的残留物带出来，因此婴儿拍嗝时要经常使用打嗝布。

Why Babies Need to Burp

When gas bubbles get stuck in your baby's stomach, they can cause a feeling of fullness and discomfort, which often causes babies to squirm or cry. Babies use crying as a signal to announce almost every feeling, whether they are tired, hungry, wet, or bored, so it can be hard to know if crying is due to gas discomfort. 

婴儿为何需要拍嗝？

当气泡卡在宝宝的胃里时，它们会引起饱胀和不适的感觉，这常常导致婴儿扭动或哭泣。婴儿用哭声作为信号来宣布几乎每一种感觉，无论是疲倦、饥饿、湿润还是无聊，所以很难知道哭声是由于气体不适引起的。

That's why the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends burping your baby regularly, even if your baby doesn't show discomfort or release any gas when you burp her. "We do not know how much air gets in their little stomachs, so it is a good idea to burp the babies even if they do not get to the fussy stage," recommends Erika Landau, M.D., a pediatrician in New York City and coauthor of The Essential Guide to Baby's First Year.

这就是为什么美国儿科学会（AAP）建议定期拍嗝，即使你的宝宝拍嗝时没有表现出不适或释放任何气体。“我们不知道有多少空气进入他们的小肚子，所以即使他们没有达到不舒服的状态，拍嗝也是有益的。”《The Essential Guide to Baby's First Year》作者之一、纽约市儿科医生、医学博士Erika Landau如是建议。

These are three main ways babies get gas in their bellies.

Swallowing air -- When babies nurse or drink from a bottle, they inevitably swallow some air, which goes down into their stomach along with the milk or formula. "This happens more often with bottle-fed babies, who tend to eat faster," says Dr. Landau. "But breastfed babies swallow some air as well, especially if the mother has a lot of milk or has a fast letdown, or if the baby is very hungry and wants to eat fast."

这是婴儿肚子里获取气体的三种主要方式。

吞咽空气——当婴儿用奶瓶喝奶或喝水时，他们不可避免地会吞咽一些空气，这些空气会随着牛奶或配方奶一起进入他们的胃。“这种情况往往发生在因奶瓶喂养而吃得快的婴儿身上”Landau博士说。“但是，母乳喂养的婴儿也会吞咽一些空气，特别是母乳过多或流速过快，或婴儿非常饥饿想吃的时候。”

Digestion -- The breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine by bacteria can naturally create gas. This includes both the food that the baby consumes as well as those the mother consumes and passes on in her breast milk. According to the National Institutes of Health, foods that contain carbohydrates are more likely to cause gas. Some of the most common offenders are beans, vegetables (such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and brussels sprouts), sugar-free candies and gum, and soda and fruit drinks.

消化——某些食物被肠道菌群分解后会自然产生气体。这既包括婴儿食用的食物，也包括母亲食用通过母乳传递的食物。根据美国国立卫生研究院的研究，含有碳水化合物的食物更容易引起气体。最常见的包括豆类、蔬菜（如花椰菜、花椰菜、卷心菜和甘蓝芽）、无糖糖的糖果和口香糖，以及汽水和水果饮料。

Allergic reaction or food intolerance -- If Baby is breastfeeding and has an intolerance to certain foods from Mom's diet or to a type of formula, his body may react by creating more gas. Dairy intolerance is the most common culprit here, says Dr. Forbis.

过敏反应或食物不耐受——如果婴儿正在母乳喂养，对妈妈的饮食或配方中的某些食物不耐受，他的身体可能会产生更多的气体。福比斯博士说，乳品不耐受是过敏反应最常见的罪魁祸首。

When to Burp Your Baby

The AAP recommends burping your baby during feeding breaks and when he's done eating. For breastfeeding moms, try burping before switching breasts. For bottle-feeding moms, the AAP recommends burping between every 2 to 3 ounces for newborns up to about 6 months old.

什么时候给宝宝拍嗝？

美国儿科学会（AAP）建议在喂奶间隙和吃完的时候拍拍嗝。对于母乳喂养的妈妈，在换乳前试试拍嗝。对于奶瓶喂养的母亲，AAP建议在新生儿6个月之前，每2至3盎司奶之间拍嗝。

The Best Burping Positions

There are two common burping positions: over your shoulder or sitting your lap. Try both to see what is most comfortable for you and most effective for getting burps out of your baby.

最好的拍嗝姿势

有两种常见的打嗝姿势：在肩上或坐在大腿上。试着看看哪种姿势最适合你、哪种方式拍嗝最有效。

Over your shoulder -- Hold your baby over your shoulder, facing toward you. Use one hand to hold the baby and the other to burp, ensuring that the baby's head is supported.

肩上拍嗝。一只手搂着宝宝的后背拍嗝，一手拖着宝宝的屁股，将宝宝竖直抱起在胸前，头靠在家长的臂膀上。

Sitting on your lap -- Sit your child on your lap, using your arms and hands to support the baby's body and head. Use your other hand to burp Baby on the back.

腿上拍嗝。让宝宝坐在大腿上，用手臂和手掌拖住宝宝的头和身体，用另一只手轻拍宝宝背部。

Whichever position you choose, be sure to have a burp cloth by your baby's mouth to catch any spit-up.

不管你选择哪种拍嗝姿势，务必保证宝宝嘴旁有打嗝布，以防吐出来。

How to Burp Your Baby

Once you have him in position, you can start burping your baby. "Pat your baby on the back, gently for a minute or so," explains Dr. Forbis. For newborns, make sure you are supporting the head and neck. "If your baby is fussy and hasn't burped yet, you may want to try burping, then stop and let them lie on your lap for a minute and then try burping again." Changing baby's positions can help move those gas bubbles to a better position to be released.

如何给宝宝拍嗝

一旦你找到合适的拍嗝姿势，你就可以开始拍嗝了。“轻拍宝宝背部一分钟左右”Dr.Forbis解释道。对新生儿来说，要确保支撑住他的头部和颈部。“如果你的宝宝比较难搞，还没有打嗝，你可以试着拍嗝，然后让宝宝躺在你的大腿上一分钟，然后再试着拍一拍。”调整宝宝的姿势可以帮助释放肠胃里的气泡。

What to Do if Burping Baby Isn't Enough

If burping doesn't seem to be relieving your baby's discomfort, try other positions and techniques to help get the gas moving. "Parents can help by giving infant massage or pushing the legs back and forth when the baby lies on her back -- bicycling," suggests Dr. Landau. "Letting the baby be on her stomach while she is awake can help as well."

如果拍嗝还不够，该怎么办？

如果打嗝似乎不能缓解宝宝的不适，那么试试其他的姿势和技巧来帮助排气。Dr. Landau建议：“当婴儿背部躺在床上的时候，父母可以通过帮助婴儿按摩或者推腿作出蹬自行车的姿势来帮助排气。宝宝醒着的时候让他趴着，也能缓解胀气不适。”

If your baby is regularly uncomfortable due to gas, consider changing one of these potential gas-causers to decrease gas production.

Mom's diet - If you're breastfeeding, a food in your diet could be causing baby's discomfort. "Everyone is different but one of the most common culprits for gassiness is dairy -- milk, cheese, ice cream," says Leigh Anne O'Connor, a New York lactation consultant.

如果你的宝宝经常因为气体而感到不舒服，考虑导致肠胃气体产生的潜在因素，换个方式来减少肠胃气体。

妈妈的饮食——如果你是母乳喂养，你的饮食中的食物可能会导致婴儿的不适。“每个人都是不同的，但导致胀气最普遍的罪魁祸首之一是奶制品——牛奶、奶酪、冰淇淋，”纽约泌乳顾问Leigh Anne O'Connor如是说。

Dietary changes are worth a try, but keep in mind that it can be tricky to find the offending food because some foods take weeks to get out of your system. Plus, foods that produce gas in one person may not cause gas in another.

饮食的改变值得一试，但是要记住，发现那些令人不快的食物可能很棘手，因为有些食物需要几个星期才能脱离你的消化系统。另外，导致一个人胀气的食物可能并不会引起另一个人胀气。

What to Do About Gas in Breastfed Babies

Mixing formula -- Measure the water, dump in the formula, and shake, right? Actually, shaking vigorously adds lots of air to the formula that can lead to excess gas. Instead, try premixed formula or letting the bottle settle a bit before feeding your baby.

母乳喂养的婴儿胀气怎么办？

混合喂养——适量的水，倒入配方奶，然后摇晃，对吗？事实上，有力的摇晃会把导致宝宝胀气的气体混进配方奶中。不如试试液体奶，或者喂奶之前让奶瓶稍微静置一会。

Nipple flow -- Bottle nipples come in a variety of flow options (that are usually classified by age (preemie, newborn, 3 to 6 months, 6+ months, etc.). If you use a nipple that is too advanced for your baby, it may be releasing the milk or formula too fast, making the baby gulp, sputter, and swallow a lot of air in the process. Choose an age-appropriate nipple to try to limit the amount of air swallowed during feedings.

奶嘴流速——瓶装奶嘴有多种流速选择（通常按年龄（早产儿、新生儿、3-6个月、6+个月等）分类）。如果你使用的奶嘴太过超龄，你的宝宝可能因为流速过快而呛奶、吐奶，并吞下大量空气。在喂养种，选择合适月龄的奶嘴来限制吸入肠胃的空气量。

Which Bottle Nipple Should Baby Use?Find the Best Bottles and Nipples for Your Baby.

Bottle style - If your bottle-fed baby struggles with excessive gassiness, consider switching to a bottle style designed to decrease the amount of air in the bottle. As babies drink, air gets into the bottle through the nipple, explains Dr. Forbis. "Some bottles are better angled to keep the milk towards the nipple, and these may help," she says. 

婴儿应该使用哪种奶瓶奶嘴？为你的宝宝找到最好的奶瓶和奶嘴

瓶型——如果瓶喂婴儿胀气，考虑换一个有防胀气设计的奶瓶。福比斯博士解释道：“宝宝喝奶的时候，空气从奶嘴中进入奶瓶，有些奶瓶的防胀气设计可以帮到宝宝”。

“Parents can also try bottles with disposable liners, vents, or straw-like system bottles that allow fewer air bubbles from seeping in or allows the bubbles an alternate way out of the bottle.” says Dr. Landau.

“家长也可以尝试使用有防胀气阀门、回气孔或导气管的奶瓶，这些奶瓶较少气泡能渗入或能让这些气泡以另一种方式从瓶子中流出。”Landau博士说。

Over-the-Counter Meds to Help Relieve Gas

If nothing seems to bring gas relief, there are over-the-counter medicines for infant gas relief that parents can try. First, though, says Dr. Forbis, make an appointment with your pediatrician. "Your doctor will make sure your child is growing well and that there are no other signs that something else is going on." 

非处方医药制剂来帮助排气

如果一样都不见效，父母可以试试针对婴幼儿胀气的非处方药物来帮助排气。Dr. Forbis说“当然了，首先要跟儿科医生预约一下。医生将会确保孩子健康，并且明确有没有迹象表明孩子的不良反应”。

Once you get your doc's okay, you can try simethicone gas drops such as Mylicon or Little Tummy's gas relief drops. According to the AAP, though, these drops are thought to be safe but not particularly effective. And many aren't cheap, so check the bottle or store for a return policy if you find they don't work for your child.

一旦你得到医生首肯，你可以尝试西甲硅油，比如MyCon或 Little Tummy's gas滴剂。然而，据美国儿科学会（AAP）说，这些滴剂是安全的，但不是特别有效。而且很多都不便宜，所以如果你发现滴剂没有用，可以查询瓶身信息或者找商店，退货。

Gripe water, an herbal-baxsed remedy that often includes a combination of stomach-calming herbs such as chamomile, dill, ginger, or peppermint, can help some babies. Make sure your pediatrician recommends gripe water and be sure to choose an alcohol- and sugar-free version.

肠绞痛水，一种草本的疗法，通常包括甘菊、莳萝、生姜或薄荷等镇静肠胃的草药组合，可以帮助一些婴儿。确保你的儿科医生推荐喝肠绞痛水，并且一定要选择无酒精和无糖的版本。

When You Should Stop Burping Your Baby

There is no definitive age to stop burping your baby, but as your little bundle gets older and his digestive system becomes more mature, burping will become less of a necessity, says Dr. Landau. You'll likely see this change around 4 to 6 months, when your baby starts eating solid food. That being said, if you still notice your baby is gassy, continue with burping and other gas-relief techniques until you feel they are not needed.

什么时候不用再拍嗝？

Dr. Landau表示，并没有一个明确的停止拍嗝的年龄标识，但是当你的小宝贝越长越大，他的消化系统也越来越成熟，就没有拍嗝的必要了。你大概会在4到6个月之间看到这种变化。这就是说，如果你注意到宝宝仍然胀气，继续拍嗝并尝试其他方法直到你觉得没有这个必要。

When to Worry About Burping

Burps, toots, and spit-up from babies are completely normal. Projectile vomiting is not. If your baby is violently vomiting up large amounts after feedings, contact your pediatrician to look for other causes. Normally, gassiness shouldn't come with additional symptoms. "If your baby has a temperature over 100.4 degrees F, diarrhea, bloody stools, or is so fussy that he can't be settled down," the burping may be a sign of something else going on, Dr. Forbis says.

什么情况需要警惕宝宝打嗝？

对婴儿来说、打嗝，吐奶是完全正常的，喷射性吐奶不是。如果宝宝在喂食后剧烈呕吐，请联系儿科医生寻找其他原因。通常情况下，胀气不应该有额外症状。如果你的宝宝的体温超过100.4华氏度，腹泻，大便血淋淋，或者过于烦躁以至于不能安顿下来，“打嗝可能是其他事情发生的迹象”Forbis博士说。

On the other hand, if your baby is gassy, but is growing and feeding well, you likely don't need to worry. Someday, Dr. Forbis says, your baby will outgrow burping. And then you might even look back fondly on that time.

另一方面，如果你的宝宝胀气，但正在成长和喂养良好，你可能不需要担心。福比斯医生说，总有一天你的宝宝会长大的。然后你甚至会怀念过去的时光。